Abrams vs. U.S., 250 U.S. 616, November 10, 1919

In Abrams v. United States, 250 U.S. 616, November 10, 1919, Russian immigrants in the United States (U.S.) were charged of conspiring to violate the U.S. Espionage Act by publishing leaflets critical of the U.S. government at a time when the U.S. was at war with Germany. Specifically, they were charged with, among others, inciting resistance to the U.S. war effort and urging curtailment of production of essential war materials (i.e. ordnance and ammunition) through their leaflets.